Methods of diagnosis of ascites

        1 giant ovarian cyst female patients should be identified with giant ovarian cyst. Ovarian cyst in the supine abdominal bulging forward obviously, slightly upward shift, abdominal many on both sides of a drum sound; ovarian cyst is not mobility dullness. Foot pressure test: if the ovarian cyst, abdominal aortic pulse can be transmitted to the hard feet, the rhythm of beating, such as ascites, the hard feet without this beat. Vaginal and ultrasound examination are helpful to identify.

        Identification of 2 transudate and exudate, see table 1.

        3 Identification of benign and malignant ascites marker to differentiate benign and malignant ascites were mainly ascites cytology, biochemistry, immunology and imaging indexes, but are non-specific indicators, to reduce and avoid misjudgment, joint detection should be combined with a comprehensive analysis of the clinical data, should not rely too much on a target. Gerbes that the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ascites procedure is: the first step is to select the higher sensitivity of cholesterol as a screening, to exclude the benign ascites. Cholesterol was significantly increased in malignant ascites, especially more than 2.85 mol/L when the differential value is bigger; the second step combined with the high specificity of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and ascites ferritin (FA) content and cytological examination as the basis of diagnosis. CEA 15mg/L CEA/, ascites, serum ascites CEA > 1; LDH > 1270U/L or LDH/ ascites ascites serum ascites LDH > 1, FA > 100 g/L, serum ascites FA/ FA > 1, then the possibility of malignant ascites, if found in ascites tumor cells can be diagnosed; followed by imaging diagnosis in location and scope clear lesions.

        4 tumor marker detection has been widely carried out in recent years, blood and ascites of a variety of malignant tumor markers detection, identification of good, malignant ascites has important significance. Commonly used signs are the following.

        (1) cancer embryonic antigen (CEA) - related cancers: colon cancer, gastric cancer, primary liver cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, bile duct cancer, liver metastatic adenocarcinoma. CEA is the first characteristic marker of gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma.

        (2) alpha fetal protein (AFP) - related cancers: primary liver cancer, metastatic liver cancer, gastric cancer, and germ. AFP significantly increased in 80% ~ 70% of primary liver cancer.

(3) prostate cancer associated antigen: PSA, FreePSA.

(4) breast cancer specific associated antigen: CA15-3 or BR.

(5) ovarian cancer specific associated antigen: CA12-5 or OV.

(6) a variety of specific antigen of digestive tract tumor: CA19-9, CA24-2, CA50.

Combined detection of multiple tumor markers can improve the positive rate of diagnosis.

        5 other ascites tumor markers in recent years

        (1) endothelin (Endotheliolysin, ET):ET in vascular endothelial cells, has a strong and persistent vasoconstriction, recent studies have found that it has many functions: it is the extravascular cell mitogen involved in growth and metabolism of cells on cell DNA synthesis, have a certain influence the proliferation of the original gene expression and cell. Foreign ET-1 has been introduced into the field of oncology research, radiation immune confirmed: lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and other tumor cells in the presence of ET-1. It is generally believed that the level of endothelin in tuberculous and malignant ascites will be significantly increased.

        (2) Cadherin (Cad): it has been found that there are 4 kinds of Cad